Within Date Formats

Federal Records Did Not Use One Date Format

Eisenhower-era State Department records used civilian month-day-year dates, undermining claims that federal documents followed one universal military format.

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Preview for Federal Records Did Not Use One Date Format

On this page

  • Examples from Eisenhower era diplomatic records
  • Why month day year forms matter to the dispute
  • Limits of comparison with the MJ 12 hybrid

Introduction

Official State Department records from the Eisenhower era do not support the idea that the federal government used one universal military-style date format. The Department’s own historical collections repeatedly present high-level memoranda, telegrams and presidential correspondence with civilian month-day-year forms such as “Washington, November 20, 1956”. More importantly, the underlying State Department record system simultaneously encoded dates numerically as month-day-year: a file suffix such as “/11-2056” meant 20 November 1956.[National Archives]archives.govNational ArchivesCentral Decimal Files, 1910-1963 | National ArchivesNovember 25, 2022…Published: November 25, 2022

State Records illustration 1
Explanatory illustration 1

That matters to the date-format dispute surrounding the alleged MJ-12 Eisenhower Briefing Document. It weakens a broad argument that departure from day-month-year military style was inherently incompatible with period federal paperwork. It does not establish that the MJ-12 document’s distinctive hybrid form — for example, “18 November, 1952” — was normal State Department practice. The State Department evidence supports a narrower conclusion: federal dating conventions were plural, document-dependent and sometimes civilian rather than uniformly military.

Examples from Eisenhower-era diplomatic records

The clearest dataset is the State Department’s official Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) collection. Its Eisenhower-era volumes preserve records drawn from the Department’s Central Files, departmental office files, presidential papers and other government repositories. The Suez Crisis material from November 1956 is particularly useful because many documents are clustered within a few days, allowing date practices to be compared without jumping between administrations or decades. The volume identifies Department of State Central Files as one of its principal bodies of source material.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian…

On 18 November 1956, for example, FRUS lists a State Department telegram to the Consulate General at Dhahran as “Washington, November 18, 1956—3:09 p.m.” and another to the Embassy in Egypt as “Washington, November 18, 1956—4 p.m.” Both are identified as Secret records from the Department of State Central Files.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian…

Two days later, the same official collection contains a Top Secret memorandum from State Department Counsellor Douglas MacArthur II to Acting Secretary Herbert Hoover Jr, headed “Washington, November 20, 1956.” The source is given as Department of State Central Files, 774.11/11–2056. A Top Secret telegram sent by the Department to the US Embassy in London that evening appears as “Washington, November 20, 1956—8:35 p.m.” and is sourced to Central Files number 841.10/11–2056.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian…

The pattern is not confined to the Suez files. A State Department memorandum by Deputy Director of African Affairs William C. Burdett Cyr from 1953 appears as “[Washington,]history.state.govOpen source on state.gov. October 19, 1953.”[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the HistorianOctober 19, 1953…Published: October 19, 1953 A Secret 1953 State Department despatch from Jidda appears as “Jidda, October 11, 1953.”[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the HistorianOctober 11, 1953…Published: October 11, 1953 Another Department memorandum, concerning the East Berlin uprising and prepared for the Acting Secretary of State, is presented as “Washington, November 6, 1953.” Its source history is unusually informative: FRUS notes that the source text was stamped “A true copy of the signed original. Nov. 6, 1953.” That source notation itself therefore supplies an abbreviated civilian-style date rather than a day-month-year military construction.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the HistorianNovember 6, 1953…Published: November 6, 1953

This last example is particularly useful because FRUS document headings require some caution. The Office of the Historian explains that editors supply a heading for each published document, so the displayed “Washington, November 6, 1953” heading cannot automatically be treated as a photographic reproduction of the original typed heading. At the same time, FRUS methodology says that source texts are reproduced as exactly as possible and, in its documented editorial practice, spelling, capitalisation and punctuation are generally retained except for obvious typographical corrections.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian… The explicitly reported “Nov. 6, 1953” stamp is therefore stronger evidence of what actually appeared on a period government copy than an editorial dateline standing alone.

1:20:11

The State Department’s filing system makes the variation clearer

The most revealing evidence may be less visually obvious than the FRUS headings: the Department of State’s own Central Decimal File system encoded dates in a completely different form.

The National Archives explains that, beginning in June 1944, the number after the slash in a State Department Central File reference was based on the document’s date. Its example, “851.00/11-2049”, represents a document dated 20 November 1949. In other words, the Department’s records machinery itself employed a compact month-day-year sequence: 11-20-49.[National Archives]archives.govNational ArchivesCentral Decimal Files, 1910-1963 | National ArchivesNovember 25, 2022…Published: November 25, 2022

That system remained visible throughout Eisenhower-era State Department records. Consider several entries from November 1956:

  • the 18 November memorandum from Assistant Secretary William Rountree is filed as 780.5/11–1856;
  • the 20 November telegram concerning Iraq is 780.5/11–2056;
  • the 20 November Top Secret telegram to London is 841.10/11–2056;
  • a 21 November telegram from London is 841.10/11–2156.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the Historian Historical Documents

Those numbers were not decorative publication conventions. FRUS explicitly identifies them as Department of State Central File references, while the National Archives explains that the post-1944 suffix was derived from the date of the document.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian…

The result is a useful snapshot of federal bureaucratic reality. The same State Department documentary environment could represent 20 November 1956 in prose as “November 20, 1956” and in its filing identifier as “11-2056”. Elsewhere, a stamp could abbreviate the same civilian convention to a form such as “Nov. 6, 1953”. These are not competing claims about which date is correct; they are different conventions serving different administrative purposes.

State Records illustration 2
Explanatory illustration 2

Why month-day-year forms matter to the dispute

The State Department examples matter because one version of the MJ-12 date objection depends on moving from a valid observation to an overly broad conclusion.

The valid observation is that a conventional US military date can take the form day-month-year, without a comma before the year. The alleged MJ-12 briefing paper instead contains the conspicuous construction “18 November, 1952”: day before month, but with a comma before the year. That hybrid deserves scrutiny precisely because it does not neatly match the familiar military construction.

What the State Department record challenges is the stronger proposition that a genuine high-level federal document of the Eisenhower period simply had to employ military-style dates. State Department material associated with classified diplomacy, the National Security Council and presidential decision-making repeatedly coexists with month-day-year forms. A Top Secret classification plainly did not turn every surrounding date reference into day-month-year format. For example, the November 1956 State Department collection includes a Top Secret memorandum dated in FRUS as “Washington, November 20, 1956”, while its archival reference embeds the same date numerically as “11–2056”.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian…

The broader federal environment was also not governed by a single visible date convention. The Government Printing Office’s official 1953 Style Manual is itself catalogued by GovInfo as issued on “January 1, 1953”, illustrating the civilian month-day-year form in federal bibliographic practice.[GovInfo]govinfo.govGOVPUB GP 6eda8715b8f5cb1d8514325b97334d4fGOVPUB GP 6eda8715b8f5cb1d8514325b97334d4f This does not prove how a particular classified memorandum should have been typed, but it reinforces the more limited point supplied by the State Department archive: “federal” and “military” were not interchangeable categories of documentary style.

That distinction changes the evidential question. Instead of asking, “Did federal documents use only 18 November 1952?”, the useful question is, “What convention would this particular office, document type and production process normally have used?” The State Department dataset makes that narrower comparison necessary.

Limits of comparison with the MJ-12 hybrid

The State Department evidence should not be stretched in the opposite direction. Finding authentic records with “November 20, 1956” does not produce a direct precedent for “20 November, 1956”. The former is conventional American civilian ordering; the latter combines day-month-year ordering with punctuation normally associated with month-day-year prose.

Nor should every FRUS heading be cited as though it were a facsimile of the original document. The Office of the Historian expressly says that editors supply headings to documents, and FRUS also sometimes assigns a document’s chronological position from external evidence when the source itself lacks a precise date.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the Historian… For questions involving tiny typographical details — commas, leading zeros, spacing or the exact location of a date on a page — an original scan or physical archival copy is stronger evidence than a modern editorial heading.

There are nevertheless elements within FRUS that reach closer to the underlying records. Source notes identify original Department file numbers; reported stamps such as “Nov. 6, 1953” describe markings on source texts; and the National Archives independently documents how State’s numeric filing dates worked. Together these sources demonstrate genuine administrative variety without requiring the stronger claim that every displayed FRUS dateline exactly reproduces an original typed date.[Office of the Historian]history.state.govOffice of the Historian Historical DocumentsOffice of the HistorianHistorical Documents - Office of the HistorianNovember 6, 1953…Published: November 6, 1953

That is the appropriate boundary for this evidence in assessing the alleged MJ-12 documents. Eisenhower-era State Department records undermine an absolute rule that authentic federal paperwork universally used a military day-month-year date. They do not make the MJ-12 form “18 November, 1952” ordinary, nor do they resolve the separate questions raised by its comma, leading zeros or provenance. The archival lesson is more modest but important: date style is useful comparative evidence only when tied to the relevant agency, office and document type. A deviation from military convention can be suspicious; the State Department record shows why it cannot, by itself, function as a universal federal forgery test.

State Records illustration 3
Explanatory illustration 3

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Endnotes

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Title: A Method of Preparing Uniform Films of Bituminous Materials
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Title: Performance Tests of Cleanable Impingement Type Air Filters (No. W-230 “Airsan”)
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Additional References

144. Source: youtube.com
Title: Top Secret / MAJIC By Stanton T. Friedman
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Je48I-xNjY

Source snippet

The Majestic 12 Documents | The Truman Memorandum | A UFO Researcher's Discovery...

145. Source: youtube.com
Title: The Majestic 12 Documents | The Truman Memorandum | A UFO Researcher’s Discovery
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gVxTygJ79E

Source snippet

A secret history: Inside shadow intelligence, the MJ-12 documents | Reality Check...

146. Source: youtube.com
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogJplVuElLs

Source snippet

Majestic 12 documents authentication [Stanton Friedman]({{ 'friedman-s-case/' | relative_url }}) Majestic 12 first members...

147. Source: youtube.com
Title: The Majestic-12 Documents [With Ryan S. Wood]
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzB87RJkQVU

Source snippet

Top Secret / MAJIC By Stanton T. Friedman - A Detailed Investigation into the MJ-12 UFO Documents...

148. Source: youtube.com
Title: Karl Pflock discusses The Cutler
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6smHEhd9MI

Source snippet

The Majestic-12 Documents [With Ryan S. Wood]...